Abstract  Objectives  To observe the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic pyeloplasty combined with flexible ureteroscope in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi.  Methods  72 cases patients with ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi were treated in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 as the research object, and all patients were  randomly divided into two groups with 36 cases in each group.The patients of the control group were treated with open surgery, and patients of the observation group underwent laparoscopic pyeloplasty combined with flexible ureteroscopy. The therapeutic effects were compared in the two groups. Results  The observation group'operation time and amount of bleeding was (125.9 + 29.6) min, (124.7 + 45.2)mL respectively, and were significantly less with observation group than that with control group (187.9 + 35.6) min, (298.6 + 63.8) mL(P<0.05). The time of hospitalization, drainage tube extraction and recovery time of gastrointestinal tract in the observation group were less than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). The postoperative complications of the observation group were 7 cases(19.4%), while there were 8 cases (22.2%) in the control group, the difference was not statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusions  Laparoscopic pyeloplasty combined with flexible ureteroscopy in the treatment of ureteropelvic junction obstruction and renal calculi has good  effect, less trauma and rapid postoperative recovery, which is an important clinical value.