Objective   To investigate the feasibility and safety of retrograde ureteral injection of ultrasonic contrast agent assisted ultrasoundguided percutaneous renal puncture technique in treatment of unhydrated kidney combined with renal calculi.Methods   Sixty patients with kidney stones who underwent retrograde ureteral injection assisted by ultrasound contrast agent and ultrasound-guided percutaneous nephrostolith (PCNL) were selected from Huangshi central hospital of Edong health care group from January 2014 to August 2016. There were 25 cases of right kidney stones, 35 cases of left kidney stones. Kidney stones were located in the renal pelvis or calculi. During the operation, ultrasound contrast agent was injected retrograde through ipsilateral ureteral catheter to compare the ultrasound imaging mode with ultrasound imaging mode enhanced with contrast agent. The appropriate puncture channel was selected and the preoperative general situation, operation time, puncture time, average blood loss, average length of hospital stay and postoperative stone clearance rate of the patients were recorded.Results   The patient's stone diameter was (24.5±12.0)mm, and the puncture time was (55.4±44.8)s with the help of B-ultrasound. The success rate of one needle puncture was 98.3%. All PCNL were successfully completed, and the intraoperative blood loss was 80～100 mL. The postoperative hospital stay was 7～10 d, 8 d on average. The postoperative calculi clearance rate was 98%. There were no intraoperative complications and no adverse events occurred by ultrasound contrast agent injection.Conclusions   Retrograde ultrasound injection of contrast agent during PCNL can be used as an auxiliary renal puncture operation. By improving the visualization of the collection system, it is helpful to accurately puncture the target calyces without hydrocephalus, which is worthy of clinical promotion.