Objective    To compare the safety and efficacy of retroperitoneal laparoscopic pyelolithotomy (RLP) with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) for the treatment of solitary renal pelvic stone.Methods   PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library and ScienceDirect were searched for collecting related literatures on two procedures. All compared studies, including randomized controlled trials (RCT), cohort studies (CS) and case-control studies (CCS) were included.Results   Totally, 11 studies (2 RCTs and 9 CCSs) were included. Pooled data demonstrated that patients underwent RLP were associated with significantly longer operation time [weighted mean difference （WMD）= 18.93, P=0.009], shorter hospital stay (WMD=-1.09，P<0.001),less intraoperative blood loss （WMD=-46.48，P<0.001）, higher stonefree rate [risk ratio (RR)=1.21，P<0.001], lower postoperative fever rate (RR=0.41，P<0.001), lower transfusion rate (RR=0.23，P=0.003) and  other complications (RR=0.32, P<0.001), the differences were statistically significant. However, no significant differences could be found between the two groups in postoperative urinary leakage rate（RR=1.13，P=0.73）. Conclusions   RLP would be superior to PCNL for the treatment of solitary renal pelvic stone in increasing stonefree rate, reducing hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, postoperative fever rate and transfusion rate.