To investigate the relationship between transurethral prostatectomy (TURP) treatment patients and radical prostatectomy (RP) treatment of prostate cancer patients with biochemical recurrence (BCR).Methods  A total of 480 patients with prostate cancer who underwent radical prostate cancer treatment in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2017 were selected. Patients were followed up regularly and the prostate specific antigen (PSA) test was improved. PSA≥0.2 ng/mL was defined as BCR for 2 consecutive postoperative tests. Multivariate Cox risk ratio regression model was used to explore the effect of TURP on the risk of BCR.Results  Among the 480 patients undergoing radical prostatectomy, 400 patients had not been treated with TURP, and 80 patients had previously been treated with TURP. The incidence of BCR was significantly shortened in patients treated with TURP, and there was a statistical difference between the two (P=0.016). TURP (HR=2.31,95%CI:1.33～4.04,P=0.003), PSA increase (HR=1.01,95%CI:1.00～1.02,P=0.007), T3b staging (HR= 2.83, 95%CI:1.16～6.87,P=0.022), Gleason score 7～9 points (7 points:HR=2.28,95%CI:1.09～4.75,P=0.028; 8 points:HR=2.90,95%CI:1.24～6.80,P=0.014;9 points:HR=5.55, 95%CI:2.32～13.29,P<0.001) are independent risk factors for BCR.Conclusion  Among PCa patients, patients with a history of TURP surgery, elevated PSA, T3b stage, and Gleason score of 7～9 have a higher BCR risk after RP.