Objective To evaluate the clinical efficacy of permanent brachytherapy combined with hormonal therapy in patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. Methods Seventy-eight patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer from August 2014 to December 2016 in the hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to different treatment methods. Control group (42 cases) received hormonal therapy, and study group (36 cases) underwent brachytherapy combined with hormonal therapy. Radiographic progressionfree survival (rPFS), tumor-specific survival, overall survival (OS), castration resistance prostate cancer (CRPC) free survival rate and quality of life of two groups were compared. Results The median rPFS of study group were 26.8 (22.1-31.5) months, and it was longer than those of control group 20.4 (18.6-22.2) months（P<0.05). When analyzed by Kaplan-Meier survival curve, there was no significant difference in cancerspecific survival rate and overall survival rate. There was also a significant difference in CRPC free survival (P<0.05). Low urinary tract symptoms occurred in 26 cases (72.2%). Urinary retention occurred in 3 cases (8.3%). No serious rectal irritation symptoms occurred.Conclusions Permanent brachytherapy combined with hormonal therapy may contribute to improve the prognosis of patients with oligometastatic prostate cancer. Prospective randomized controlled studies are necessary because of the limits of current studies.
