Objective：To observe and study the effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of patients with complex renal calculi and its influence for the stress condition.Methods：78 patients with complex renal calculi in our hospital from May 2011 to April 2013 were selected as research object，and they were randomly divided into control group 39 cases and observation group 39 cases，the control group were treated with  traditional open operation，the observation group were treated with percutaneous nephrolithotomy operation，then the total effective rate of different calculus and serum body stress indexes before the treatment and at 1^st，3^rd and 5^th day after the treatment of two groups were compared.Results：The total effective rate of observation group with different calculus were higher than those of control group，serum body stress indexes at 1^st，3^rd and 5^th day after the treatment were respectively lower than those of control group too，all P＜0.05，there were all significant differences.Conclusion：The effect of percutaneous nephrolithotomy in the treatment of patients with complex renal calculi is better，and its influence for the stress condition of body is smaller too.