Objective   To analyze the significance of CSTB and A-FABP in diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer. Methods   From January 2014 to July 2016, 45 cases of bladder cancer and 88 cases of benign bladder diseases were confirmed by surgery and pathology. The expression levels of CSTB and A-FABP in bladder cancer, adjacent tissues and benign bladder diseases were detected. The utility of CSTB and A-FABP in differential diagnosis of bladder cancer was evaluated. The expression levels of CSTB and A-FABP in the tissues of advanced bladder cancer (metastasis, recurrence, tumor death within 2 years) and non-advanced bladder cancer were compared. Results   The expression levels of CSTB and A-FABP in cancer tissue, adjacent tissues and benign lesions were significantly different (P<0．05). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, negative predictive value were 84．4%, 90．9%, 82．6%, 92．0% and 88．7% respectively. There were 30 cases of metastasis, recurrence and tumor death within 2 years, 15 cases of non-metastasis, recurrence and death. The expression of CSTB and A-FABP in advanced bladder cancer was higher than that in non-advanced bladder cancer (P<0．05). Conclusions   CSTB and A-FABP have certain value in the diagnosis and prognosis of bladder cancer.