Objective  To investigate the effects of ureteral pressure changes on oxidative stress and microinflammation in patients with ureteral lithotripsy. Methods   From December 2016 to January 2018, 100 patients with renal calculi underwent ureteroscopic lithotripsy were treated in hospital. The ureteral pressure was monitored during operation. The patients with intraoperative ureteral pressure≥40 cmHg and cumulative time≥10 min were used as the high pressure group. The other patients were used as the lowpressure group. The urine microalbumin, urinary β2-microglobulin level, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, superoxide dismutase, malondialdehyde, glutathione level were measured before and at 1, 3, 5, and 7 days after operation. Results   The blood pressure and heart rate of the two groups were not obvious after operation（P>0．05）. The levels of urinary microalbumin, urinary β2-microglobulin, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 malondialdehyde were significantly increased (P<0．05), but the high-pressure group was increased higher significantly (P<0．05), superoxide dismutase and glutathione were significantly lower (P<0．05), and the high pressure group was more significantly (P<0．05). Pearson correlation analysis showed that renal pelvic pressure was positively correlated with urinary β2-microglobulin, serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and malondialdehyde (r=0．716, 0．654, 0．632, P<0．05), and superoxide dismutase. There was a significant negative correlation with glutathione (r=-0．702, -0．711, P<0．05).Conclusions   In patients with ureteroscopic lithotripsy, renal pelvic hypertension leads to renal dysfunction, inflammation and redox imbalance. Intraoperative control of renal pelvic pressure is beneficial to restore renal function and avoid further damage to renal function.