Abstract  Objective  To investigate interactions between prostate volume (PV) and the detection of prostate cancer in prostate biopsy.Methods  We performed a review of a cohort of 145 biopsy patients, because of increased prostatespecific antigen (PSA) serum levels (≥10 ng/mL, or 4 ng/mL≤tPSA<10 ng/mL and f/t≤016), and suspicious findings on digital rectal examination ,or/and suspected MRI signals on prostate in the years between Jan 2014 and July 2017. Clinic data was summarized including ages, tPSA, PV and PSAD.Results   The cancer positive rates of prostate biopsy were 53%, 33% and 17% in PV groups of ＜25 mL (Ⅰdegree)，25～55 mL (Ⅱ degree)and ≥55 mL (Ⅲ degree),which showed statistic different (χ²= 9.1653，P= 0.010) by chi-square test. There was a trend that positive rates of prostate biopsy were decreased with increasing prostate volume proven by Cochran-Armitage test (Z=2.9948，P=0.003). Multipule logistic analysis that PV was an independent risk factor for prostate cancer in prostate biopsy that Odds ratios were 6.268（95%CI，1.802-21.805，P=0.004）and 2.444（95%CI:0.962-6.205，P=0.060）on Ⅰ/Ⅲ and Ⅱ/Ⅲ degree prostate.Conclusions   The positive rate of prostate biopsy is elevated with smaller prostate volume which is a disk factor for prostate cancer in patients with tPSA<100 ng/mL.